蛋白质

Proteins (also known as polypeptides) are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain.蛋白质（也称为多肽）是由排列成线性链的氨基酸组成的有机化合物。 The amino acids in a polymer chain are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.聚合物链中的氨基酸通过相邻氨基酸残基的羧基和氨基之间的肽键连接在一起。 The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code.蛋白质中的氨基酸序列由遗传密码中编码的基因序列定义。 In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids, however in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine - and in certain archaea - pyrrolysine.通常，遗传密码指定XNUMX个标准氨基酸，但是在某些生物中，遗传密码可以包括硒代半胱氨酸-在某些古细菌中包括吡咯赖氨酸。 Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by post-translational modification, which alter the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins.合成后不久甚至在合成过程中，经常通过翻译后修饰对蛋白质中的残基进行化学修饰，这会改变蛋白质的物理和化学特性，折叠，稳定性，活性以及最终的功能。 Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable complexes.蛋白质也可以协同工作以实现特定功能，并且它们通常会结合形成稳定的复合物。