植物疗法

Phytotherapy is the study of the use of extracts from natural origin as medicines or health-promoting agents.植物疗法是研究将天然提取物用作药物或促进健康的药物。 Even though phytotherapy is usually regarded as "alternative medicine" in the Western countries,when critically carried out, is considered an essential component of modern pharmacognosy.即使在西方国家通常将植物疗法视为“替代药物”，但严格执行时，仍被认为是现代生药学的重要组成部分。
In herbal medicine standardization refers to providing processed plant material that meets a specified concentration of a specific marker constituent.在草药中，标准化是指提供满足特定标志物成分指定浓度的加工植物材料。 Active constituent concentrations may be misleading measures of potency if cofactors are not present.如果不存在辅因子，则活性成分的浓度可能会误导效价。 A further problem is that the important constituent is often unknown.另一个问题是重要的成分通常是未知的。 For instance St John's wort is often standardized to the antiviral constituent hypericin which is now known to be the "active ingredient" for antidepressant use.例如，圣约翰草常被标准化为抗病毒成分金丝桃素，现在被称为抗抑郁药的“活性成分”。 Other companies standardize to hyperforin or both, although there may be some 24 known possible constituents.其他公司标准化使用Hyperforin或两者同时使用，尽管可能有大约XNUMX种已知的可能成分。 Only a minority of chemicals used as standardization markers are known to be active constituents.已知只有少量用作标准化标记的化学物质是有效成分。 Standardization has not been standardized yet: different companies use different markers, or different levels of the same markers, or different methods of testing for marker compounds.标准化尚未标准化：不同的公司使用不同的标记物，或相同标记物的水平不同，或测试标记物化合物的方法不同。 Herbalist and manufacturer David Winston points out that whenever different compounds are chosen as "active ingredients" for different herbs, there is a chance that suppliers will get a substandard batch (low on the chemical markers) and mix it with a batch higher in the desired marker to compensate for the difference.草药专家和制造商David Winston指出，每当将不同的化合物选择为不同草药的“活性成分”时，供应商就有机会得到不合格的批次（化学标记物含量较低）并将其与所需含量较高的批次混合。标记以补偿差异。