可卡因

Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.可卡因（苯甲酰基甲基芽子碱）是一种结晶的托烷生物碱，得自古柯植物的叶子。 The name comes from "coca" in addition to the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine.除生物碱后缀-ine外，该名称还来自“古柯”，形成可卡因。 It is both a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant.它既是中枢神经系统的兴奋剂又是食欲抑制剂。 Specifically, it is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which mediates functionality of such as an exogenous DAT ligand.具体而言，它是多巴胺再摄取抑制剂，去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂和XNUMX-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂，其介导诸如外源DAT配体的功能。 Because of the way it affects the mesolimbic reward pathway, cocaine is addictive.由于可卡因影响中脑边缘奖励途径的方式，因此会上瘾。
Its possession, cultivation, and distribution are illegal for non-medicinal and non-government sanctioned purposes in virtually all parts of the world.在世界几乎所有地区，出于非医学和非政府制裁目的，其拥有，种植和分发都是非法的。 Although its free commercialization is illegal and has been severely penalized in virtually all countries, its use worldwide remains widespread in many social, cultural, and personal settings.尽管其免费商业化是非法的，并且在几乎所有国家/地区都受到了严厉的惩罚，但其在世界范围内的使用仍然在许多社会，文化和个人环境中广泛存在。