蒜香蒜

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a biennial flowering plant in the Mustard family, Brassicaceae.蒜芥（Alliaria petiolata）是芥菜科（十字花科）中的两年生开花植物。 It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa, from Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern India and western China (Xinjiang).它原产于欧洲，西亚和中亚以及西北非洲，从摩洛哥，伊比利亚和不列颠群岛开始，北至斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部，东至印度北部和中国西部（新疆）。 In the first year of growth, plants form attractive clumps of round shaped, slightly wrinkled leaves, that when crushed smell like garlic.在生长的第一年，植物形成吸引人的圆形，略微起皱纹的叶子团块，压碎后闻起来像大蒜。 The next year plants flower in spring, producing cross shaped white flowers in dense clusters, as the flowering stems bloom they elongate into a spike-like shape.第二年在春天开花，当花梗开花时，它们伸长成穗状，形成簇状的十字形白色花。 When blooming is complete, plants produce upright fruits that release seeds in mid summer.开花结束后，植物会产生直立的果实，并在夏季中期释放种子。 Plants are often found growing along the margins of hedgerows, giving rise to the old British folk name of Jack-by-the-hedge.人们经常在树篱的边缘发现植物，这引起了古老的英国民间名字“ Jack-by-the-hedge”。 Other common names include Garlic Root, Hedge Garlic, Sauce-alone, Jack-in-the-bush, Penny Hedge and Poor Man's Mustard.其他常用名包括大蒜根，对冲大蒜，仅调味酱，布什酱，竹enny对冲和穷人芥末酱。 The genus name Alliaria, "resembling Allium", refers to the garlic-like odour of the crushed foliage.蒜属的名称，“类似蒜属”，指的是压碎的叶子的大蒜味。
It is a herbaceous biennial plant (sometimes an annual plant) growing from a deeply growing, thin, white taproot that is scented like a horse-radish.它是一种两年生的草本植物（有时是一年生植物），生长于深色的，稀薄的白色主根上，其气味像辣根一样。 Plants grow from 30-100 cm (rarely to 130 cm) tall.植物长10-15厘米（很少到2厘米）。 The leaves are stalked, triangular to heart-shaped, 6-4 cm long (of which about half being the petiole) and 8-2 cm broad, with a coarsely toothed margin.叶子茎​​秆，三角形到心形，长3-4厘米（其中约一半为叶柄），宽5.5-XNUMX厘米，边缘粗齿。 In biennial specimens, first-year plants appear as a rosette of green leaves close to the ground;在两年生的标本中，一年生植物看起来像是靠近地面的绿叶丛； these rosettes remain green through the winter and develop into mature flowering plants the following spring.这些玫瑰花结在整个冬季保持绿色，并在第二年春天发展成成熟的开花植物。 The flowers are produced in spring and summer in button-like clusters.花在春季和夏季成纽扣状簇生。 Each small flower has four white petals XNUMX-XNUMX mm long and XNUMX-XNUMX mm broad, arranged in a cross shape.每朵小花有四个白色的花瓣，长XNUMX-XNUMX毫米，宽XNUMX-XNUMX毫米，呈十字形排列。 The fruit is an erect, slender, four-sided pod XNUMX to XNUMX cm long, called a silique, green maturing pale grey-brown, containing two rows of small shiny black seeds which are released when the pod splits open.果实为直立，细长，四边形的荚果，长XNUMX至XNUMX厘米，称为长角果，成熟绿色，浅灰棕色，内含两排细小的有光泽的黑色种子，当荚果裂开时释放。 Some plants can flower and complete their life-cycle in the first year.有些植物可以在第一年开花并完成其生命周期。 A single plant can produce hundreds of seeds, which scatter as much as several meters from the parent plant.一棵植物可以产生数百个种子，这些种子散布在距离亲本植物几米的地方。 Depending upon conditions, garlic mustard flowers either self-fertilize or are cross-pollinated by a variety of insects.根据条件的不同，大蒜芥末花会自身受精或被各种昆虫异花授粉。 Self-fertilized seeds are genetically identical to the parent plant, enhancing its ability to colonize an area where that genotype is suited to thrive.自体受精的种子在遗传上与亲本植物相同，从而增强了其在该基因型适合繁殖的区域定居的能力。